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【单片机-毕业设计】基于FPGA的变频电路设计.docx
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基于 FPGA 的变频电路设计

I
摘 要
软件无线电的中心思想是构造一个具有开放性、标准化和模块化的通用硬件平
台,将宽带 A/D 和 D/A 转换器尽可能靠近天线,用软件完成各种通信功能,以研制出
高度灵活和适应性的无线电通讯系统。A/D 变频器制造技术的进步,其工作带宽覆盖到
中频频段,并且有较高的采样频率和足够大的动态范围,从而使无线电发射机技术由基
带数字化向中频数字化方向发展,因此,实现基于带通采样定理的宽带数字中频软件无
线电发射机成为可能。
数字变频技术在软件无线电和各类数字化发射接收机中得到了广泛的应用。由于数
字信号处理器(DSP)的处理速度有限,往往难以对 A/D 采样得到的高速率数字信号直
接进行处理。为了解决这一矛盾,需要采用数字变频技术,将采样得到的高速率信号变
成低速率基带信号,以便进行下一步数字信号处理,用现场可编程阵列(FPGA)来设计
数字上下变频器有许多好处。FPGA 在硬件上具有很强的稳定性和极高的运算速度,在
软件上具有可编程的特点,在某些专用芯片不能完全满足系统技术指标的情况下,所以
采用 FPGA 来设计数字下变频器更是一种好的解决方案。
本文章首先阐述了软件无线电中关键的数字信号处理技术,包括中频处理中的上变
频技术、抽取技术及带通采样技术,基于数字上变频的基本原理,利用 FPGA 器件的各
种优势,在 QuartusⅡ上完成了数字上变频设计、综合,编译后进行时序仿真,首先介
绍数字上变频及其各模块的原理和实现方法,然后再通过编写 VHDL 语言及调用 IP 核来
实现各个模块功能,最后通过原理图的构造来整体实现数字上变频。并仿真验证数字上
变频的正确性。
关键词: 数字上变频; FPGA; 积分梳妆滤波器;内插

II
Abstract
The foundamental idea of software Defined Radio(SDR) is to establish a open,standard
and modular universal hardware platform where the A/D converter is moved as closed as
possible to antenna and all of the communication function is realized by software.The aim is to
research and develop a high flexible and adaptable communication system.The technology of
making A/D converter has been advanced fast.The A/D working bandwidth has covered the
intermediate frequency (IF) supporting high sampling frequency and wide dynamic range and
long length .The wireless transmitter technology has been developing from digital baseband to
digital IF .Thusit is possible to implement the wide bandwidth digital IF transmitter based on
bandpass sampling theory.
Digital Frequency Conversion Technology in Software Defined Radio and various types of
digital launch or receiver have been widely used .As the digital signal processor (DSP)
processing speed is limited ,often it is difficult for A/D sampling rate to be high-speed digital
signal directly to the various categories of real-time processing .In order to resolve this
contradiction,the need for digital up or down conversion technology,high-speed sampling rate
of signals to be turned into a low rate of base-band signal for the next stage of signal
processing.With fiel-programmable array(FPGA) to the design of digital down-converter has
many advantages.FPGA hardware has strong stability and high computational speed,the
software has programmable features,and in some special DDC chip technology can not
completely meet the indicators ,so the number of used FPGA to design the next converter is a
good solution.
This dissertation intrduced the concept and the structure of Software Defined Radio,as well
as an specific application of FPGA for Software Radio.Including frequency conversion
technology in intermediate frequency processing,Digital Up Converter Base on the basic
principle of the use of the various advantages of FPGA devices. development tool in the FPGA
on the Quartus Ⅱ .DUC completed the design,integration.after the compiling implementation
simulation.First introduced the principle of digital up conwersion and of each module,and then
VHDL language by writing and calling IP nuclear to achieve each module function,and
finally,through the schematic diagram of the structure to the overall realize frequency in the
figures.And through the simulation to verify the up-conversion.
Key Words: DUC;FPGA; CIC filter;Interpolation

III
目 录
1 引 言....................................................................1
1.1 绪 论 ...............................................................1
1.2.1 数字变频技术简介..................................................1
2 数字上变频的研究现状......................................................3
2.1 软件无线电 ...........................................................3
2.2 数字上变频应用发展....................................................3
2.2.1 论文内容及意义....................................................4
2.2.2 完成论文期间所做的工作及论文安排 .................................4
3 FPGA 设计基础.............................................................6
3.1 FPGA 设计简介 .........................................................6
3.2 FPGA 的基本结构 .......................................................6
3.3 FPGA 的基本设计流程 ...................................................8
3.4 设计输入方式和软件....................................................9
3.5 仿真的方法和软件 .....................................................9
4 数字上变频原理 ..........................................................10
4.1 数字上变频 ..........................................................10
4.2 影响数字上变频的主要原因.............................................10
5 信号处理理论 ............................................................12
5.1 数字信号处理 ........................................................12
5.1.1 信号采样理论 ....................................................12
5.1.2 带通采样理论 ....................................................12
5.2 数字混频正交变换.....................................................15
5.3 多速率信号处理.......................................................17
5.3.1 整数倍内插 ......................................................17
5.4 高效数字滤波 ........................................................19
5.4.1 积分梳妆滤波器 CIC...............................................19
5.4.2 HB 半带滤波器....................................................22
5.5 DDS 的实现原理 .......................................................23
5.6 DDS 设计 .............................................................25
5.6.1 相位累加器 ......................................................26
5.6.2 正弦查找表 ......................................................26
5.7 内插滤波器设计 ......................................................28

IV
5.7.1 HB 半带滤波器设计................................................28
5.7.2 CIC 滤波器设计...................................................30
5.8 混频器设计 ..........................................................30
6 数字上变频仿真与验证 ...................................................33
6.1 MODELSIM 仿真软件介绍和特点 ...........................................33
6.2 MODELSIM 仿真方法......................................................34
6.2.1 前仿真 ..........................................................34
6.2.2 后仿真 ..........................................................34
6.3 MODELSIM 仿真的基本步骤 ...............................................34
6.4 仿真结果 ............................................................37
7 结 论 ................................................................40
7.1 课题研究过程总结及结论...............................................40
7.2 心得体会.............................................................40
参考文献 ..................................................................41
致 谢 ....................................................................42
附 录 ....................................................................43
1、半带滤波器的 VHDL 源程序 ..............................................43
2、FIR 滤波器的 VHDL 代码.................................................51
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